The hard disk drive for the Raspberry Pi is the SD card. There are many ways to put an OS (operating system) image on the SD card. I usually prefer to boot my raspberry pi with options to switch different OS. Instead of assigning a new SD card for a OS, I would like to put a few of them on one SD card.
Berry Boot - It has been out there the longest. It's very easy to install new operating systems on your Pi. You can chose one OS as your default and others will be displayed booting. Berry Boot site has more instruction on how to install it.
http://www.berryterminal.com/doku.php/berryboot
NOOBS - New Out Of the Box Software - Pi foundation with the authors of Berry Boot put together NOOBS. It is very similar to Berry Boot for the user, internal implementations have a few changes. You can download NOOBS from here http://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads. I found the install tutorials here to be useful https://github.com/raspberrypi/noobs
Berry Boot is my choice of OS loader. As you learn Linux and choices of OS, you will want to try new OS on the Pi. NOOBS or Berry Boot's offers a lot of operating systems to choose from. If you ever want to install an OS that is not listed on either, both loaders will allow you to install it from the image. Its not very easy for a beginner, but its not too hard. There is some complexities involved. You will need to learn some Linux commands to navigate yourself.
How to install custom OS on Berry Boot - I installed pwnpi from pwnpi.net (penetration testing tool). You can learn a ton about web security wired or wireless using this. Here is an awesome tutorial to add and boot a custom OS downloaded (not included in berryboot list of OS)
How to install custom OS on NOOBS - I have not used NOOBS, but know of a few folks who did. It also involves some complexities. Here is the link to that https://github.com/raspberrypi/noobs . Just scroll down till you find the advanced usage section.
Enjoy your Pi. Feel free to shoot any questions.
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